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罗兰贝格全球管理委员会联席总裁戴璞:中国展现了其在全球供应链中的韧性

来源:谊切苔岑网 编辑:曾宝仪 时间:2024-07-07 18:20:46

来源:中国发展高层论坛

“CDF之声”(CDF Voice)栏目旨在汇聚关注、支持和参与论坛的重要商业领袖,向国内公众和国际社会传递论坛与会代表心声。

过去的2021年,世纪疫情与国际变局持续交织,我国“两个一百年”奋斗目标历史交汇,中国与世界在激荡中复苏,企业和个人在磨砺中前行。

这一年,在中国,许多行业与企业迎接着全新的发展机遇和行业趋势;这一年,为中国,世界500强与行业领先企业的商业领袖们变中求新、变中求进,深耕中国,携手共进,共创未来。

今年的“CDF之声”栏目邀请参会代表分享过去一年来自己与所领导的企业、所在行业的经历以及他们的感悟。

今天做客CDF之声的是罗兰贝格全球管理委员会联席总裁戴璞(Denis Depoux)。

戴璞曾在中国工作与生活多年,见证了中国的深刻变革。

戴璞认为,如今中国与1993年他初次到访的那个中国非常不同,甚至与2014年他再一次到访时也大有不同。对于一个长期生活在中国的外国人来说,变革对于生活、商业、文化以及新兴市场的影响都是巨大的。他认为,一个全新的中国故事正在被书写中。

戴璞发现,在最近兴起的工业领域中,中国企业正跃居世界领先地位,但与此同时企业也面临着一定的挑战。但他认为,中国市场的消费模式、专业技术和商业模式逐渐显示出其独有的特点才是重中之重。

最后,戴璞指出跨国企业将面临更多的竞争,但这将增加跨国企业的国际参与度,并创造更多的链接与合作,进一步实现平衡,以建立一个共同的未来。

以下为中英文原文:

我是戴璞,是欧洲咨询公司罗兰贝格的全球管委会联席总裁。在过去的7年里,我一直生活在中国,在罗兰贝格上海办公室工作。这是我第二次来到中国,29年前,我在广东大亚湾核电站开启了我的职业生涯,在那里我工作了3年。

三十年来,我见证了这个国家如何在改革开放的政策下一步步实现深刻变革。我认为这样的成功背后有以下几点因素:中央政府的规划、长远的目光、对普遍利益的考量、顺应变化的适时调整、从中央到地方的畅通政令以及有利于未来发展的基础设施投资。

今天的中国与1993年我初次到访的那个中国非常不同,甚至与2014年我再一次到访时也大有不同。对于一个长期生活在中国的外国人来说,变革对于生活、商业、文化以及新兴市场的影响都是巨大的。一个全新的中国故事正在被书写中。

当下的中国仍然是世界工厂。在新冠疫情大流行的背景下,中国的出口额连续两年激增。2020年,中国制造业为中断的全球供应链提供了新选择,2021年,中国进一步吸收了激增的全球供应链需求。虽然2022年全球的供应链分布可能会逐渐恢复至疫情前的情形,但过去的几年里,有些事已经彻底发生了改变。

首先,中国排除万难,展现了其在全球供应链中的韧性。

第二,在全球需求激增的两年里,许多中国企业对工厂进行了生产性投资,其规模得到了扩张、现代性得到了提升,中国工厂的自动化水平更高、产能更高效、竞争力更强大、生产过程也更加绿色环保。

第三,十四五规划着重强调了工业现代化建设。在过去,生产力的主要驱于大量的廉价劳动力和较宽松的环境法规限制。但现在的情况已远非如此。

这是一个崭新的中国故事,与过去大不相同。来自不同行业的跨国公司都发现,中国市场的收入往往占据其地区收入的第一或第二位,并且增长速度远高于其他地区。

在最近兴起的工业领域中,中国企业正跃居世界领先地位,例如在电动汽车的整个价值链中,从注入电池的化学品、材料再到电动马达,涵盖各个行业。同时在光伏、风力涡轮机、核能和电信设备等行业中国公司也处于领先地位。

还有一些行业需要大量的研发投入,例如量子模拟和计算、空间探索技术、固定式能源储存以及先进材料等,这些行业的崛起还需一定时日。

当然企业会面临一定的挑战:企业需要规避技术禁令、采取措施应对网络安全法合规要求,也需要面对紧张的地缘政治局势对其业务所造成的不确定性。但真正重要的是,中国市场的消费模式、专业技术和商业模式逐渐显示出其独有的特点。从供应链的角度来看,脱钩并不明显,但在设计、开发和生产等方面,中国制造已越来越面向中国市场。正所谓:中国制造,为中国服务。

中国的双碳承诺将有助于加速工业现代化进程。转变生产模式的时间很紧迫,但和世界上的其他地方相比,这里的创新速度将会提高,推行新技术的边际成也会下降。这一模式已在太阳能光伏组件和电池行业中得到检验。

一直以来,通过价格优势的出口及收购,中国企业走向世界。这些企业的技术和商业模式将带动国际基础市场的发展,我们已经在电动汽车价值链上看到了这一点。

这也意味着跨国企业将面临更多的竞争,但这将增加跨国企业的国际参与度,并创造更多的链接与合作,进一步实现平衡,以建立一个共同的未来。

在中国企业家和传统公司追求更多主动权的当下,外企的市场参与模式可能会发生进化。这些企业可以进一步开发和销售IP(知识产权)、完成从原始设备生产商到供应商的转变,亦或是在“在中国为中国”的理念下进行设计和开发。这种在中国研究并发展技术,并将技术带给世界的模式将与之前的把技术和IP进口到中国的模式共存。

这是我连续第七年参加中国发展高层论坛,每年我都翘首期待着这个坦诚且极具启发性的交流契机。2022初始,欧洲发生了悲惨的地区冲突,这让我进一步意识到:中国与世界在发展与合作方面建立共识至关重要。

我谨代表罗兰贝格公司对中国发展研究基金会主办此次论坛表示感谢,并祝愿所有代表的交流取得丰硕成果。

I am Denis Depoux and I am Global Managing Director of European consultancy Roland Berger. I have been living in China, working out of Roland Berger‘s Shanghai office, for the last 7 years. This is my second stay in China, after starting my professional life here 29 years ago in the Daya Bay nuclear power station in the Guangdong Province, where I stayed 3 years.

Over three decades, I have witnessed the deep transformation of this country, supported by gradual market opening and reform. Let me share some success factors: central planning, long term vision, with general interest in mind, pragmatic adaptation when conditions evolve, holistic approaches driven from central and rolling out to local levels, front loading of infrastructure as enablers to future development and growth.

China today is very different from the China I first experienced in 1993, and even in 2014 when I came back to work here. For a foreigner living in China for a long time, what is striking is the impact of such a transformation on people‘s lives, on business, on culture and of course on opportunities to develop new markets. A new China story is in the writing.

More than ever, China remains the factory of the world. The times of the pandemic saw exports from China surge for two consecutive years, in 2020 as Chinese manufacturing became an alternative to disrupted global supply chains, and in 2021 to absorb the surge in global demand. While the situation is likely to come back in 2022 to a more normal distribution of production across the world, something has changed in the last couple of years:

First, China has demonstrated the resilience of its role in the global supply chains, in spite of all difficulties.

Secondly, in two years of surging global demand, production investments have been made to expand and modernize Chinese plants, make them more automated, productive, competitive, and greener.

Third, the fourteenth five-year plan is starting with emphasis on China‘s industrial modernization. Productivity used to be driven by availability and affordability of labor, as well as lesser environmental constraints. Not anymore.

The new China story is different from the past. For multinational companies across many sectors, the Chinese market has become #1 or #2 in revenues and often is showing growth at a higher pace than other regions.

Yet new challenges arise: technology bans have to be circumvented, cybersecurity regulation require specific approaches, geopolitical tensions influence business through the uncertainty they create. Even more importantly, Chinese markets increasingly demonstrate singular features in consumption patterns, domestic technology and business model evolution. Decoupling is not so obvious from a supply chain perspective, but design, development and production in China is increasingly geared towards the Chinese market. Made in China, for China.

In more recently developed industrial sectors, Chinese companies are leapfrogging and gaining leadership positions in the world, for example in the whole electric mobility value chain, from chemicals and materials going into batteries, to electric motors. The same holds true in solar PV, wind turbines, nuclear and telecommunications equipment.

And more is to come with considerable R D investment, that will still take some years to yield results in quantum simulation and computing, space exploration technologies, stationary energy storage or advanced materials, to name a few.

The double pledge to peak and to neutralize greenhouse gases emissions will drive further acceleration of this modernization effort. There is little time to shift the production model. This will accelerate innovation, and drive down marginal costs of new technologies here, compared to the rest of the world. This is not a new pattern: we have experienced it with solar PV modules or batteries.

In a context where Chinese entrepreneurs and legacy companies will claim more leadership, the engagement of foreign companies may evolve. Developing and selling IP, shifting from OEM to suppliers in various fields, and designing and developing in China for China are attractive models. Developing technology and know how here, acquiring Chinese technology to bring it to the world will co-exist with the previous pattern of imports and bringing IP to China.

Chinese companies used to go to the world through price-competitive exports and acquisitions. This will change to more grass-rooted development of foreign destination markets, through technology and business model advantage – We are already experiencing this with the electric mobility value chain.

This also means more competition for multinational companies, but it will increase their international engagement, and create even more ties and balance presence, to build a shared future.

This is the seventh consecutive year that I am participating in the China Development Forum and every year, I look forward to this inspiring and intense moment of exchanges and openness. This is even more true in these first few months of 2022, seeing a tragic conflict unfold in Europe: building consensus between China and the world on development and cooperation is crucial.

On behalf of Roland Berger, I would like to thank the China Development and Research Foundation for hosting the Forum, and I wish all delegates fruitful exchanges. 

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